Atrocities on Women Essay Example for Free

Atrocities on Women Essay Everyday early in the morning after getting up from bed, as a matter of habit, I look for the local newspaper which the hawker uses to insert it in the door belt of my house. When I go through the paper, invariably I find one or more news on atrocities on women or outraging the modesty of women appearing either on the front page or on the following pages depending on seriousness of the happenings. Sometimes I tremble to think, how could these heinous incidents take place everyday when stringent laws are there to deal with these cases rigorously, National Commission for Women and Child Welfare and separate women police stations have been set up by the Govt. to provide protection to women in danger or distress? Unlike the past when women were confined to four walls and treated as slaves in the male dominant society, there has been radical change in the social order and the women have been given equal status in all walks of life over the passage of time. Today the women are more or less conscious of their rights and position in the society and most women are educated too. In spite of all this, the women, as it were, are subjected to undergo humiliations and torture of different dimensions at various stages of their lives. Then what is going wrong? Are the flaws lying with the society or the system or the women themselves? In fact, women are very often made the targets of attack for pleasure or fun or comfort or making of money or avoiding unnecessary burden right from the stage of embryo before birth till their old age. Before going to discuss on what could be the reasons and who are responsible for inflicting torture on women, it may not be out of place to take an account of different nature of atrocities and humiliations being done to women at various stages of their lives as the reports, very often, come to our notice through media. v Pregnant women are either persuaded or forced to undergo abortion if the babies in the womb are detected to be females through sonography, only to avoid bringing up of girl children and bear huge expenses for their arriage. v New born female children are brutally killed by parents or other members of the family and thrown as wastes if they could not be aborted before birth not only for rearing burdensome creatures but also for satisfying their caustic desire for having only the male children who will be the future bread earners and shall be the heirs to advance their family for future generations,. v Girl children in several parts of the country are not allowed to g o to school for study and they are engaged in household or field work. In many cases they are engaged as maid servants for earning money for the family or sold out as bonded labour to rich people. v Girl children are abducted and sold to the brokers for trading in the whore market. v School and college going girls are very often subjected to eave teasing, kidnapping, rape, rape and murder. v In many families daughters are not given equal treatment in upbringing as given to their sons. v Forceful child marriage of girl child and forgetting about her fate in father-in-law’s house is still existent in some parts of our country. If the marriage of a girl after attaining right age is arranged one, her misery follows when her parents fail to satisfy the demands of groom and his parents. All her visionary projects for building a lovely home get crushed and mingled with the dust as soon as she steps into her father-in-law’s house. She is treated like a foot ball and is subjected to painful humiliations and inhuman torture for dowry day in and day out. How helpless and destitute she feels in her father-in-law’s house where everybody including her husband go on torturing her mentally as well as physically until their dowry demands are not fulfilled? In many cases, the helpless poor girl either commits suicide or she is most cruelly murdered. v If a woman is divorced or estranged by the husband for any reason after marriage, her misery crosses all limits by making her life extremely unbearable. Not only her neighbourers, friends, relatives but also her parents in many cases never hesitate to cast slur on her and treat her as if an unwanted entity in the family/society. v If a woman is raped or kidnapped and then released, her living in the society becomes awful and everyone looks down upon her as if she has committed a grievous sin willfully. Working women, in most cases are subjected to sexual harassment at their respective working places and outside. v In nucleus families (Families comprising husband, wife and children only which are commonly seen these days) mostly the dominance of husbands is supreme where wives are not earning members and poor wives have no freedom to act according to their wishes. In cases, even if the wive s are earning members, the husbands hardly share the responsibility of managing the family and rearing of children. The wives are compelled to manage all household works including cooking of food even if their earning is equal to or more than their husbands. In most of the cases wives have to compromise for a peaceful family life and their dedication for the family is considered as an obligation to making an ideal family either as wives or as mothers. v Most widows in old age are an abandoned lot in spite of having their well placed sons simply because their daughters-in-law can’t bear their presence at home. Although the nature of atrocities on females as listed above is not conclusive, it is enough to indicate clearly the motive behind all these infamous deeds. Those may be (1) Fanatical belief of man of having a male child in stead of a girl child. (2) Insatiable greed for dowry and passion for leading a comfortable or luxurious life by utilizing women as the key gadgets to extract easy money from their parents. (3) Jealousy and hatred (4) Satisfaction of one’s sexual appetite growing out of passion for having illegal sex and infatuation. (5) Utilising women as precious commodity to breed money. 6) The last but not the least is the upholding the false vanity of male dominance by males on the strength of their masculine power. Now, if we go deep into the matter to discover who are the persons responsible for initiation of all these ghastly deeds, we may find, barring the cases of rape, sexual harassment and exercising superiority of men vainly upholding the male dominance, in oth er cases there must be either direct or indirect involvement of one or more women. This kind of abrupt landing on an observation may appear absurd, controversial and illogical but it is not far from reality. I think it is needless to elaborate on this question as the news come in daily that how women for their own advantage frame clandestine designs to inflict torture on other women who are not of their liking by craftily utilizing the masculine power of men and for that matter they never hesitate to instigate, persuade, entrap, coax, seduce or apply undue influence on men. Of the many news items coming out in the news papers everyday, one incident shocked me most and that was the dealings of a woman constable in a police station manned by women only. When a rape victim coming from a poor family approached the nearest women police station for help and wanted to lodge an FIR the woman constable of the police station in stead of extending help persuaded her to return home without creating a scene by lodging an FIR which would in no way go to help her on the contrary, it might make her life more miserable owing to spread of slander. This is only one of the live examples of lapses of the system in providing security to women in distress. One can imagine how many such cases might be happening everyday? Recently somewhere I read a news item that about 10-15% of the incidents of torture on women, injustice, humiliations done to women and outraging the modesty of women come to light whereas the rest happenings, however grievous they may be, are suppressed by the victims themselves out of fear or under pressure from other women of their relations who might be trying to cover up the incidents. For this matter I do not blame women in general but nobody comes forward to raise a voice against such injustice. In a complex society of ours where problems of leading a happy and peaceful life are multitude and highly sensitive being aggravated by poverty, unemployment and inadequate education, the atrocities on women can only be eradicated through mass awareness of women themselves. If all women develop a spirit of fellow feeling by placing themselves in the shoes of victims or aggrieved women and unite to protest or counter or fight or raise strong voice against all types of oppression, I think they can catalyze a novel metamorphosis in the society and curb atrocities on women to a great extent. If some progressive women come forward to form â€Å"Mahila Jagaran Manch† (MJM) and spread it through out the length and breadth of the country with a view to provide protection and help to women in distress I think the problem might subside. Unlike the National Commission for Women the MJM should grow voluntarily in every village and in every residential blocks in towns and cities through awareness campaign being conducted and monitored by some progressive benevolent ladies so that the women folk at large can master courage to come out to join MJM and face any turbulent situation confronting them boldly.

Education in Victorian England Essay -- European Europe History

Education in Victorian England Monitorial System In the Monitorial System, there was no direct instruction from the teacher. This was, in fact, one of its greatest selling points in the late 1700's; it was incredibly economical. There could be as many as 500 students under one teacher. The teacher selected a few older students(10-12 years old) to act as monitors who, in turn, were responsible for instructing small groups of students, the teacher acting as supervisor, examiner, and disciplinarian. Work was minutely subdivided and learned by repetition. When a group had learned one subdivision of information, they were tested by the teacher before passing on to the next section. There was a complicated system of promotion and censure, both within the small groups and between groups. Unusual successes or lapses were rewarded with small honors or humiliations: laps of honor" around the school by those to be promoted, rewards of half-pences, dunce's caps, and signs worn around the necks of offenders. The punishment for offenses such as swearing, lying, tardiness, coming to school dirty, skipping school, being absent from church, or being otherwise disobedient, included confinement in a closet, being handcuffed behind the back, being washed in front of the whole school, or expulsion.(Lawson/Silver 243) Its factory-like method of dispensing information might appear to be well suited for the Victorian era, but because the Monitorial system equated the acquisition of facts with knowledge, and made no allowance for individual rates or styles of learning, its use was in decline by the 1830's. Â   Elementary Education Act of 1870 From 1780 to 1870, all elementary schools were "voluntary," that is, they were established... ... --- . North and South. London: Penguin Books Ltd., 1986. Lawson, John and Harold Silver. A Social History of Education in England. London: Methuen & Co. Ltd., 1973. Ley, J.W.T. "The government Education Bill: Dickens's view on Some of Its Points." The Dickensian 11.5 (May 1906) 123-125. Mangnall, Richmal. Historical and Miscellaneous Questions. New York: D. Appleton & Company, 1848. Morrison, Arthur. A Child of the Jago. Chicago: Academy Chicago Publishers, 1995. Pool, Daniel. What Jane Austen Ate and Charles Dickens Knew. New York: Simon and Schuster, 1993. Roach, John. A History of Secondary Education in England 1800-1870. London: Longman Group UK Limited, 1986. Thackeray, William. Vanity Fair. Harmondsworth: Penguin Books Ltd .,1968. Wardle, David. English Popular Education 1780-1975. London: Cambridge University Press, 1976.

Nadine grodimer’s The train from Rhodesia

Nadine grodimer's The train from Rhodesia BY jzy240 Nadine Gordimer's nobel prize speech To sum up the speech, Nadine Gordimer is saying that humans as a species are natturally inquisitive and are constantly advancing. We always want the answer to all the questions. That we have evolved to communicate to find these answers quicker. Yet we may not be able to find these answers. This is where fantasy and myth can gives us the answers to compincate for the lack of the truth. They combine what is known and what we want to know. That writing and life go hand in hand with achother.Metaphorical language in The train from Rhodesia Throughout the short story the train itself is a metaphor. Not easily-envisioned one yet a metaphor all the same. It is mentioned to be a beast. For example â€Å"the steaming complaint of the resting beast†. The use of the word beast represents the train as uncontrollable and aggressive. Also the sound of the trains whistle is an eerie sound, like the howl of a wolf. The train isnt Just an out of control beast, it is like a chained beast. It was â€Å"blind and pulled helplessly' such as an oxen pulls a farmers plough.However for all its anamalistic qualities the train is given the human qualities. An example would be when the train calls out â€Å"I'm coming† is saying that the train is able to speak, therefor giving it human qualities. The train cries out â€Å"and again there was no answer† this represents humans and how they have been calling out throughout the centuries to o avail. We called out in prayer in song and in many other ways, yet no reply from anything, other than humans, came back. The train then mocks mans forever desire for an omnipotent creator, or at least an answer.

Position Paper Shell And Csr Business Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3987 Downloads: 9 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Business Essay Type Research paper Did you like this example? INTRODUCTION This position paper will be based on Shell Company and it will address the issue of CSR. Shell is a global group of energy and petrochemical companies with around 101,000 employees in more than  90 countries and territories. Its headquarters are in The Hague, the Netherlands, and its Chief Executive Officer is Peter Voser.  The parent company of the Shell group is Royal Dutch Shell plc, which is incorporated in England and Wales. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "Position Paper Shell And Csr Business Essay" essay for you Create order Its strategy seeks to reinforce its position as a leader in the oil and gas industry in order to provide a competitive shareholder return while helping to meet global energy demand in a responsible way. Shell defines its aim as to meet the energy needs of society, in ways that are economically, socially and environmentally viable, now and in the future. Shell was one of the pioneers in the movement for Corporate Social Responsibility. The company says it is committed to sustainable development and human rights: Our core values of honesty, integrity and respect for people define how we work. These values have been embodied for more than 25 years in our Business Principles, which since 1997 have included a commitment to support human rights and to contribute to sustainable development. However, this paper will show to what extent Shell has failed in the past and how due to aggressive consumerism it is trying to be more CSR conscious but it is still lagging behind. The phrase Corpora te Social Responsibility was put forward in 1953 with the publication of Bowens Social Responsibility of Businessmen, which posed the question what responsibilities to society can business people be reasonably expected to assume?. This subject was expanded in the 1960s, suggesting that beyond legal obligations companies had certain responsibilities to society. HISTORY OF PETROLEUM PRODUCTS Petroleum, like all fossil fuels, mainly consists of a complex mixture of molecules called hydrocarbons. When it comes out of the ground, it is known as crude oil,  and it may have various gases, solids, and trace minerals mixed in with it. Through refinement processes, a variety of consumer products can be made from petroleum. Most of these are fuels: gasoline, jet fuel, diesel fuel, kerosene, and propane. It is also used to make asphalt and lubricant grease, and it is a raw material for synthetic chemicals. Chemicals and materials derived from petroleum products include plastics, pesticides, fertilizers, paints, solvents, refrigerants, cleaning fluids, detergents, antifreeze, and synthetic fibers. The modern petroleum industry began in 1859 in Pennsylvania, when a man named Edwin L. Drake constructed the first oil well, a facility for extracting petroleum from natural deposits. Since then, petroleum has become a valuable commodity in industrialized parts of the world, a nd oil companies actively search for petroleum deposits and build large oil extraction facilities. There are several deposits exist in the United States. However, around 1960 oil production in the country began to decline as oil in the deposits was being used up and fewer new deposits were being discovered. The demand for petroleum products continued to increase and as a result the United States came to rely more and more on oil imported from other countries. In 2001, the amount of petroleum extracted from deposits in the United States was estimated to be only one-third of the amount demanded by U.S. consumers. A similar pattern exists in other industrialized countries, and some, like Japan and Germany, import almost all of the oil they use. PETROLEUM AND POLLUTION Petroleum-derived contaminants constitute one of the most rampant sources of environmental degradation in the industrialized world. In large concentrations, the hydrocarbon molecules that make up crude oil and petroleum products are highly toxic to many organisms, including humans. Petroleum also contains trace amounts of sulfur and nitrogen compounds, which are dangerous by themselves and can react with the environment to produce secondary poisonous chemicals. The dominance of petroleum products in the United States and the world economy creates the conditions for distributing large amounts of these toxins into populated areas and ecosystems around the globe. SHELLs MARKETING MIX Shell provides transport fuel to around 10 million customers each day through its 44,000 service stations around the globe. It is working to deliver cleaner burning and more efficient fuels. Its products and services are also designed to meet the needs of businesses; that is; from the construction industry to aviation and from chemicals to shippings. It engages much in RD, and keep implementing an innovating its products; for example; the AeroShell Oil Sport Plus4, a new aviation oil for light sport four stroke engine. It further provides services like card services which is offered to customers rewards on Shell purchases and provide an efficient, secure way to buy fuel and other goods. These cards are fuel cards for all transport businesses, from small car fleets to major road transport. From Shell Helix to Pennzoil, Shell provides its customers with a full range of motor and bike oils. Furthermore, Shell has been making use of promotional strategies like $1 petrol per litre for a limited time so as to educate people about fuel economy. It can be said that Shell adopts very interesting marketing strategies like product innovation, promotional campaigns, good pricing strategies and its locations throughout the globe. However, when it comes to CSR the question still lingers whether Shell as the Number 1 in the petroleum industry is it contributing towards the society, green marketing, environmental and ecological marketing? This issue is highly debatable. SHELL AND ITS FAILURES SHELL NIGERIA Shell Nigeria is one of the largest oil producers in the Shell Group. Through 80% of the oil extraction in Nigeria Niger Delta, it can be said that Shell is making surplus extraction and use of this resource. The Delta is home to many small minority ethnic groups, including the Ogoni, all of which suffer exploitation by multinational oil companies, like Shell. Shell provides over 50% of the income keeping the Nigerian dictatorship in power. The boycott was felt when the Nigerian government  hanged  9 environmental activists in 1995 for speaking out against exploitation by Shell and the Nigeria government, outrage has exploded globally. The tribunal which convicted the men was part of a joint effort by the government and Shell to suppress a growing movement for environmental justice, human rights and economic justice among the Ogoni people. Shell has brought extreme, irreparable  environmental and societal damage  to Ogoniland. The Problem Although oil from Ogoniland has provided approximately $30 billion to the economy of Nigeria, the people of Ogoni see little no contribution for their society from the part of Shell. Emanuel Nnadozie, writing of the contributions of oil to the national economy of Nigeria, observed Oil is a curse which means only poverty, hunger, disease and exploitation for those living in oil producing areas. Shell has done next to nothing to help Ogoni:   by 1996, Shell employed only 88 Ogoni (0.0002% of the Ogoni population, and only 2% of Shells employees in Nigeria).  Ogoni villages have no clean water, little electricity, few telephones, abysmal health care, and no jobs for displaced farmers and fisher persons, and adding insult to injury, face the effects of unrestrained environmental molestation by Shell everyday.  Ãƒâ€šÃ‚  The Ogoni people were victims of poverty, malnutrition and diseases. Environmental Degradation Since Shell began drilling oil in Ogoniland in 1958, the people of Ogoniland have had pipelines built across their farmlands and in front of their homes, suffered endemic oil leaks from these very pipelines, been forced to live with the constant flaring of gas. This environmental assault has  oppressed the land  with oil,  killed millions of fish  and other aquatic life, and introduced destructive  acid rain  to the land of the Ogoni. For the Ogoni, a people dependent upon farming and fishing, the poisoning of the land and water has had  upsetting economic and health consequences. Shell claims to clean up its oil spills, but such clean-ups consist of techniques like burning the crude which results in a permanent layer of crusted oil meters thick and scooping oil into holes dug in surrounding earth. From the above, it can clearly be deduced that Shell is not environmentally responsible at all. It has firstly damaged the environment an d then come up to repair it.   Ãƒâ€š Natural Gas Flaring In Ogoniland, 95% of extracted natural gas is flared  compared with 0.6% in the United States which can be said that the Shell company is abusing of the illiteracy and political system of Nigeria to boost its economic profits. It is estimated that huge amount of carbon dioxide  and methane are released by the gas flaring, Nigerian oil fields are responsible for more global warming effects than the combined oil fields of the rest of the world. Oil Spills Although Shell drills oil in 28 countries,  40% of its oil spills worldwide have occurred in the Niger Delta. In the Niger Delta, there were  2,976 oil spills between 1976 and 1991. Ogoniland has had severe problems stemming from oil spillage, including water contamination and loss of many valuable animals and plants. A World Bank investigation found that the levels of  hydrocarbon pollution  in water in Ogoniland is more than sixty times that of US limits  and a 1997 Project Underground survey found petroleum hydrocarbons one Ogoni villages water source to be  360 times the levels allowed in the European Community, where Shell originates. Health impacts The Nigerian Environmental Study Action Team observed increased discomfort and misery due to fumes, heat and combustion gases, as well as increased illnesses. This destruction has not been alleviated by Shell or the government. Owens Wiwa, a physician, has observed higher rates of certain diseases like bronchial asthma, other respiratory diseases, gastro-enteritis and cancer among the people in the area as a result of the oil industry. The reasons of why Nigerian government allow this to happen? In Nigeria, it is questionable whether it is multinational oil companies like Shell or the military which hold ultimate control. Oil companies have a complete influence upon the government:  80% of Nigerian government revenues come directly from oil, over half of which is from Shell.  Incalculable sums disappear into the pockets of military officers in the form of bribes and theft. In 1991, $12 billion in oil funds disappeared. Local governments admitted that oil companies bribe influential local officials to suppress action against the companies. Hence the interests of the Nigerian military regime were clear: to maintain the status quo; to continue acting on Shells requested attacks on villagers whose farms were destroyed by the oil company; to continue silencing, by any means necessary, those who expose Shells complete disregard for people, for the environment, for life itself. Shell and the Nigerian military government were united in this continuing violent assault of indigenous peoples and the environment. And just as oil companies exploit numerous communities in the Niger Delta, the governments involvement in the above crimes is not limited to the Ogoni. Protest by the Nigerian population The first highly visible action organized by the Movement for Survival of the Ogoni People (MOSOP) occurred on January 4, 1993 with 300,000 Ogoni (3/5 of the population) participating in the peaceful Ogoni Day demonstration.  Since MOSOP became highly visible, other groups in oil producing regions have begun modelling their actions on MOSOPs tactics of intense yet peaceful demonstrations and charters based on the Ogoni Bill of Rights. There are currently many groups in the Niger Delta working on researching and educating about the environmental and social impacts of the oil industry on the Niger Delta. A few of these are  Environmental Rights Action and  Niger Delta Human and Environmental Rescue Organization. Additionally, many ethnic groups other than the Ogoni are voicing and  demonstrating  against the environmental racism and human rights abuses. They are demanding to clean up of oil spills, reduce of gas flaring, fair compensation for lost l and, income, resources, life, a fair share of profits gained from oil drilled at their expense. The UN The  United Nations Special Rapporteurs report on Nigeria  (released 4/15/98) accused Nigeria and Shell of abusing human rights and failing to protect the environment in oil producing regions, and called for an investigation into Shell. The report condemned Shell for a well armed security force which is intermittently employed against protesters. The report was unusual both because of its frankness and its focus on Shell, instead of only on member countries. The Commonwealth As the Commonwealth believes in the promotion of international understanding and co-operation, through partnership, Nigerias membership of the Commonwealth was suspended by Commonwealth Heads of Government on 11 November 1995. Despite repeated pleas from Nigerian human rights activists, the Commonwealth has failed to follow through on threats of expulsion. The US In word, the United States is a strong critic of the Nigerian government, both past and present. It has condemned the existence of the military regime, of election cancellations, and of the situation in Ogoniland. It has threatened to take action. Yet it never does. As the largest consumer of Nigerian oil, the US could  be the strongest advocate for human rights and justice, yet it refuses to take on that role. The US government has even protected Nigeria from economic sanctions by states and cities within the US. In March 1998 an official from the Clinton administration warned the Maryland House and Senate that bills creating state-wide economic sanctions against Nigeria for human rights abuses are a violation of US commitments to international trade agreements and to membership in the World Trade Organization. The Clinton administration termed such bills a threat to the national interest. Not surprisingly, multinational oil companies such as Shell, Mobil, and Chevron lobby heavily against aggressive US policy towards Nigeria, an approach which appears to be working. SHELL APPROACH TO THE ISSUE Despite these allegations, Shell has completely ignored the truth of  the damage it is supposed to have done and instead, it has  scapegoated itself. Shell proposed to spend $8 billion followed by $1 billion per year over the following 10 years to clean up the Niger Delta. Thats a region in which more than 30 million people live. So theres no way that an investment of $2.50 per person per week for two years, followed by $0.62 for ten is going to lift the region out of poverty. Such an expenditure might help clean up the Niger Delta and might not as well. Shell had promised to use locally-sourced suppliers and staff in a region in which it was and remains responsible for just a small proportion of the overall oil pollution, and in which it has little power to tackle the problem of leaks at source. Shell also proposed to establish a $4 billion fund earmarked for compensation for perceived injustices in the Niger Delta caused by its operations since 1958. In descri bing its intentions, Shell borrowed emotive language from post-apartheid South Africa. It talked about creating a $45 million  truth and reconciliation process fund, which will assess and award reparations. However, it is a fact to be acknowledged that Shell has caused irreparable damage to the Nigerian society, it has adopted an inhuman approach to maximise its profits and if the protest did not took an aggressive path, Shell would have never try to repair its damage. SHELL IN SOUTH AMERICA Vila Carioca is a neighborhood in the southern part of Sao Paulo, the largest city in South America. Greenpeace and the Union of Workers in the Mining and Petroleum Sector alleged in the 1990s that the region had its soil, air and water contaminated by several pollutants from industrial activities that took place in the area. The pollution may have contaminated approximately 30,000 people residing in the area. Shell has been accused of being one of the main sources responsible for the pollution among companies operating in the region. Shell has been in the area since 1951 and has disposed large amounts of residues in the soil for decades, which may ultimately be the source of soil, air and underground water contamination. The liability can reach significant values, as some specialists conclude that part of the land should be expropriated for cleanup and those populating the area should be relocated and compensated. However, the company claims that it followed all existing environme ntal laws and used the best technologies available and most of the material was disposed of long before the new environmental laws were passed. From this case it can be said that Shell somehow tries to abide by the laws and find loopholes in the legal and political systems to carry its activities. Therefore we can point out that Shell is not trying to go beyond the law and caring for the society. SHELL AND BRENT SPAR Operated by Shell in UK, Brent Spar, an oil storage was subject of much public concern in 1995 as the British government announced its support for Shells application for the disposal of the Brent Spar oil storage buoy in the deep Atlantic waters as with the completion of the pipeline connected to the oil terminal, the storage facility was considered to be of no value. This method of disposal was considered to be cheaper for Shell. As a result, Greenpeace mounted a successful campaign that influenced public opinion against Shells preferred option. It disputed Shells estimates of the contaminants on the Brent Spar, saying that these were much more than initially estimated. Activists which occupied the Brent Spar, so as to prevent it from being towed, the organisation called for a boycott of Shell products. Greenpeace argued that the dumping of the Brent Spar should not be looked at as an isolated case as other oil companies would follow and this would add considerably to pollution of the ocean. They argued for the option to dismantle, reuse and recycle the Brent Spar. If Greenpeace did not intervene at that time on this issue, this act of Shell would have caused tremendous ecological hazard. SHELL AND ITS ATTEMPTS TO RECONSTRUCT ITS IMAGE Nevertheless, Shell is trying to contribute in CSR so as to re-build its image of being socially responsible and caring for the environment and its stakeholders. Its attempts are as follows: According to the CEO of Shell, Peter Voser, Shell is raising its production of natural gas. It generates between 50% and 70% less CO2 than coal when burned to generate electricity and therefore it is contributing in reducing CO2. Shells CEO also brought forward that its company will invest billions of dollars to tackle the greenhouse gas emissions globally and investing in RD as well. Shell, with its Shell Foundation is committed to incorporate elements of sustainable development into the strategic planning and daily conduct of the business of not only its group companies but also to propagate the urgent need for adopting Corporate Social Responsibility initiatives across the business world. Shells CSR policy aims to balance the corporations need to make a profit and reward its shar eholders sufficiently, with broader social concerns by involving communities in its operational and development plans. Shell has launched the Shell Better Environment Award; the womens empowerment initiative, Emirates Businesswomen Award; the Shell Professional Womens Network for the personal and professional development of women in Dubai; the Intilaaqah programme for promoting entrepreneurship among local youth; and the environmental education programme Enviro-Spellathon. Shell has similarly sponsored the Counselling Arabia Conference and the annual Careers  UAE Exhibition. Shell Malaysia is trying to engage in CSR at a deeper level by protecting the health of its workers, protecting the environment by trying to minimise the impact of its operations by setting targets to progressively reduce emissions and discharges. It is promoting best practices through ISO certification. SHELLS FURTHER FAILURES IN CSR However, despite trying to be socially responsible, Shells reputation with regards to CSR is not good. After being seen as leaders some years ago, they are now being perceived as just putting a lot of money in their communication There is lack of CSR innovation as over the last few years Shell have not really convinced on the content and implementation side through innovation at all. This might be the consequence of not being leaders anymore combined with a lack of aspiration for bringing their reporting and best practice onto the next level. The corporate context and culture itself at Shell does not fully go hand in hand with their CSR messaging. In August 2008, the British  Advertising Standards Authority  (ASA) ruled that Shell had misled the public in an advertisement when it claimed that a $10 billion oil sands project in Alberta, Canada was a sustainable energy source. In  Magdelena, Argentina, Shell was responsible for the largest oil spill that has e ver occurred in  freshwater  in the world. On January 15, 1999, a Shell tank ship in Magdalena, Argentina collided with another tanker, emptying its contents into the lake, polluting the environment, drinkable water, plants and animals. In 2009, Shell was the subject of an Amnesty International report into the deterioration of human rights as a consequence of Shells activities in the  Niger Delta. In particular, Amnesty criticised the continuation of  gas flaring  and Shells slow response to oil spills. In 2010, a leaked cable revealed that Shell claims to have inserted staff into all the main ministries of the Nigerian government and know everything that was being done in those ministries, according to Shells top executive in Nigeria. The same executive also boasted that the Nigerian government had forgotten about the extent of Shells infiltration. POSITIONING OF SHELL CSR APPROACH This paper positions Shells approach to CSR as a very weak one. Shell despite having millions and billions of profits, it is not trying to be as socially responsible as other multinationals. Shell has always tried to misuse legal framework and political systems of various countries and it is only after protests of people or governmental bodies that it tries to repair the harm that it did. The world is running short of its natural resources and the approach of extracting surplus oil in under-developed areas like Nigeria, can be said to be an irresponsible act from the part of Shell. Shell has also tried to mislead the public with the advertisement on oil sands project in Canada. Shell cannot only think only doubling its profits by making overuse of the globes natural resources. Shell though is claiming to be socially responsible, at the end of the day, it only tries to increase its profitability of its business and take the society on a secondary basis. It somehow forget the fact th at due to the society and people that it is able to gain so much profits and if this society itself boycott its product and go to its competitors, Shell will never be able to gain back its position in this particular industry. People of today are no longer gullible; they are very much informed about each and every thing. There is a great disparity between what Shell does and what it says. Shell should attempt to take the CSR on a much better level and investing in technologies that will lower the amount of destruction that it did to several nations. RECOMMENDATIONS Shell despite having a good marketing strategy for its services, price and promotions it somehow lagged behind when it comes to societal marketing. Shell must try to be more environmental conscious with sustainability in economy, practice of pollution prevention by having new environmental technologies and being more environmental friendly. All its activities must be designed by taking the environment in to consideration. Shell must concentrate more on its actions; that is; doing more good to the society instead of only preaching that what it is about to do. Shell must recruit potential marketing and CSR specialists which will be able to cater for both the companys profitability and trying to lesser its damage to the environment and society. If Shell takes the issue of CSR seriously it will be able to come up being more environmental and societal friendly; else it will have to face heavy boycotts from the entire world as customers and consumers of nowadays are very much informed with what is happening in the world and if the world decide to boycott Shell, the latter will never be able to regain its place in the market.